{"id":200,"date":"2012-11-11T11:23:07","date_gmt":"2012-11-11T08:23:07","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2012-11-11T11:23:07","modified_gmt":"2012-11-11T08:23:07","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iurp.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=200","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

                                                              \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

     <\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 . \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 . \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (<\/span>infrastructure<\/span> ) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 (<\/span>efficiency<\/span> ) .\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (<\/span>natural assets<\/span> ) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629  \u0645\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629(\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629). \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (<\/span>natural features<\/span> ) . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/span>central government) <\/span>) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629(<\/span>decentralization policies <\/span>). \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 :<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u061f <\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (<\/span>air<\/span> ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (<\/span>water<\/span> ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d(<\/span>openspace<\/span> ) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 .\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/p>\n

1-    <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (<\/span>clean air<\/span> ) \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/p>\n

2-    <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b ( <\/span>natural pollution filters<\/span> ) <\/span><\/p>\n

3-    <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (<\/span> forests<\/span> ) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 (<\/span>drained<\/span> ) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 <\/span><\/p>\n

( <\/span>carbon sinks<\/span> ) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 .<\/span> <\/p>\n

4-    <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 (\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a (<\/span>wastes<\/span> ) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643.<\/span> <\/p>\n

5-    <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 (<\/span>sand dunes<\/span> ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a (<\/span>coral reefs<\/span> ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 ( <\/span>mangroves<\/span> ) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/span> (erosion)<\/span><\/p>\n

6-    <\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 ( <\/span>greenbelts<\/span> ) \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 ( <\/span>carbon dioxide<\/span> ) (<\/span>co2<\/sub><\/span> )<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (<\/span> more competitive<\/span> ) \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 ( <\/span>more efficient<\/span> ) \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (<\/span> sustainable development<\/span> ) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( <\/span>urban environment<\/span> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629<\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 ( <\/span>sustainability<\/span> )<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 ( <\/span> environmental consideration<\/span> ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/span>       <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/p>\n

–<\/span>       <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 .<\/span> <\/p>\n

–<\/span>       <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a (<\/span>challenges<\/span> ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (<\/span> urban expansion<\/span> )<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (<\/span> local governance<\/span> ).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a ( <\/span>urban decision-making<\/span> )<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a <\/p>\n

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